Rituximab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab and ublituximab are disease modifying therapies
(DMT) currently used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) or are in advanced stages of …

The immune infiltration of tumors is closely related to clinical outcomes. The composition of
tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) can serve as biomarkers for predicting response to …

Highlights•Ad vectors are highly immunogenic and thus superb vaccine carriers.•Most AAVs
are poorly immunogenic and thus more suited for gene replacement therapy.•Pre-existing …

Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is an ancient antibody with dual membrane-bound and fluid-phase
antigen receptor functions. The biology of secreted IgD remains elusive. Here, we …

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are associated with anti-tumor response following
immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, but a commensurate observation of TLS is absent …

At present, it is not clear how memory B lymphocytes are maintained over time, and whether
only as circulating cells or also residing in particular tissues. Here we describe distinct …

Humoral immunity requires B cells to respond to multiple stimuli, including antigen,
membrane and soluble ligands, and microbial products. Ets family transcription factors …

Two fundamental features characterize adaptive immunity: specific antigen recognition and
immunological memory development. Thus, B and T cells form the adaptive immune system …

The development and deployment of single-cell genomic technologies have driven a
resolution revolution in our understanding of the immune system, providing unprecedented …

Background Over the past few decades, immunological checkpoint therapy has been an
increasingly prominent strategy in the treatment of tumors, including prostate cancer (PC) …