Amino acid (AA) sequences of 807 bioactive peptides from foods of animal origin were
examined in order to correlate peptide structure with activity (antihypertensive, antioxidative …

This paper is the thirty-ninth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2016 …

IL-4 is a pleiotropic antiinflammatory cytokine, which can be neuroprotective after nervous
system injury. The beneficial actions of IL-4 are thought to result from the blunting of action of …

Pain is a physiological response which is mediated via the central and peripheral nervous
system. Betaine, is a methyl glycine derivative and a commonly used nutrient supplement …

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which can be protective in inflammatory
and neurologic disorders, and can alleviate pain. Classically, IL-4 diminishes pain by …

Background Pain is a complex mechanism which involves different systems, including the
opioidergic and GABAergic systems. Due to the side effects of chemical analgesic agents …

Background: Curcumin (CC) exerts polyvalent pharmacological actions and multi-target
effects, including pain relief and anti-nociceptive activity. In combination with Boswellia …

Drive from peripheral neurons is essential in almost all pain states, but pharmacological
silencing of these neurons to effect analgesia has proved problematic. Reversible gene …

Arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of pro-
inflammatory leukotrienes. We recently created knock-in mice (Alox5-KI) which express an …

Background: The delta opioid receptor (DOR) contributes to pain control, and a major
challenge is the identification of DOR populations that control pain, analgesia, and …