Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disease of still poorly understood
molecular etiology. Extensive studies at different molecular levels point to a high complexity …

Many drugs, or their antecedents, were discovered through observation of their effects on
normal or disease physiology. For the past generation, this phenotypic drug discovery …

Psychedelics produce fast and persistent antidepressant effects and induce neuroplasticity
resembling the effects of clinically approved antidepressants. We recently reported that …

Decreased dendritic spine density in the cortex is a hallmark of several neuropsychiatric
diseases, and the ability to promote cortical neuron growth has been hypothesized to …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neuropeptide that plays numerous important
roles in synaptic development and plasticity. While its importance in fundamental physiology …

Depression is the most common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability
worldwide. Despite abundant research, the precise mechanisms underlying the …

Neurotrophic factors, particularly BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), have been
associated with depression and antidepressant drug action. A variety of preclinical and …

Stress is a primary risk factor for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence from
preclinical models and clinical studies of depression have revealed an array of structural …

The discovery of robust antidepressant actions exerted by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
(NMDAR) antagonist (R, S)-ketamine has been a crucial breakthrough in mood disorder …

Psychedelics have inspired new hope for treating brain disorders, as they seem to be unlike
any treatments currently available. Not only do they produce sustained therapeutic effects …