Multicellular organisms are constantly subjected to pathogens that might be harmful.
Although insects lack an adaptive immune system, they possess highly effective anti …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that
play important roles in the early detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and …

Rotaviruses are the leading agents of severe diarrheal disease in infants and young
children and complementary strategies to vaccination are needed. Therefore, we evaluated …

Toll-like receptors of the human immune system are specialized pathogen detectors able to
link innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR ligands include among others bacteria …

Pellino proteins are a family of evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin ligases involved in
intracellular signaling in a wide range of cell types. They are essential for microbe detection …