International Parkinson and movement disorder society evidence‐based medicine review: update on treatments for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Objective: The objective of this review was to update evidence‐based medicine
recommendations for treating motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Background …
recommendations for treating motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Background …
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: pathogenesis and emerging treatment strategies
The most commonly used treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is levodopa, prescribed in
conjunction with carbidopa. Virtually all patients with PD undergo dopamine replacement …
conjunction with carbidopa. Virtually all patients with PD undergo dopamine replacement …
[HTML][HTML] Parkinson's disease and its management: part 1: disease entity, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis
G DeMaagd, A Philip - Pharmacy and therapeutics, 2015 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Parkinson’s Disease and Its Management - PMC Back to Top Skip to main content NIH NLM
Logo Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation Search …
Logo Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation Search …
Emerging therapies in Parkinson disease—repurposed drugs and new approaches
Parkinson disease (PD) treatment options have conventionally focused on dopamine
replacement and provision of symptomatic relief. Current treatments cause undesirable …
replacement and provision of symptomatic relief. Current treatments cause undesirable …
The belated US FDA approval of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline for treatment of Parkinson's disease
JF Chen, RA Cunha - Purinergic signalling, 2020 - Springer
After more than two decades of preclinical and clinical studies, on August 27, 2019, the US
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist …
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist …
How does adenosine control neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration?
RA Cunha - Journal of neurochemistry, 2016 - Wiley Online Library
The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …
Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease
Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …
Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology, risk factors and treatments
C Gao, J Liu, Y Tan, S Chen - Translational neurodegeneration, 2020 - Springer
Background Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common, disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease
(PD), but the mechanisms and treatments of FOG remain great challenges for clinicians and …
(PD), but the mechanisms and treatments of FOG remain great challenges for clinicians and …
Adenosine receptors as drug targets—what are the challenges?
JF Chen, HK Eltzschig, BB Fredholm - Nature reviews Drug discovery, 2013 - nature.com
Adenosine signalling has long been a target for drug development, with adenosine itself or
its derivatives being used clinically since the 1940s. In addition, methylxanthines such as …
its derivatives being used clinically since the 1940s. In addition, methylxanthines such as …
Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson's disease: a review of the evidence
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well understood but likely to involve both
genetic and environmental factors. Incidence and prevalence estimates vary to a large …
genetic and environmental factors. Incidence and prevalence estimates vary to a large …