The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), comprises 60% of the total cell membrane and interacts
directly or indirectly with several cell organelles ie, Golgi bodies, mitochondria and …

The abnormal inflammatory responses due to the lung tissue damage and ineffective
repair/resolution in response to the inhaled toxicants result in the pathological changes …

Gestational exposure to environmental stress induces fetal growth restriction (FGR), and
thereby increasing the risk of infant death and chronic noncommunicable diseases in adults …

Disruption of the in utero environment can have dire consequences on fetal growth and
development. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a pathological condition by which the …

Maternal hypothyroidism is associated with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth
restriction, gestational diseases involving oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum …

Despite decades of messages warning about the dangers of tobacco use in pregnancy, 10%
to 15% of pregnant women continue to smoke. Furthermore, an increased popularity of …

While studies have demonstrated that the main psychoactive component of cannabis, Δ9-
tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) alone induces placental insufficiency and fetal growth …

Background: Apoptosis of lung structural cells contributes to the process of lung damage
and remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our previous studies …

ER stress has been implicated in pathophysiological development of many diseases.
Persistent overwhelming stimuli trigger ER stress to initiate apoptosis, autophagy, and cell …

Exposure to smoking (nicotine) during pregnancy not only directly affects fetal development,
but also increases susceptibility to metabolic diseases in adulthood, but the mechanism of …