In recent years, conventional treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy
have been the main approaches in tumour therapy. Cancer immunotherapy is a new …

Upon stimulation, small numbers of naive CD8+ T cells proliferate and differentiate into a
variety of memory and effector cell types. CD8+ T cells can persist for years and kill tumour …

How environmental nutrient availability impacts T cell metabolism and function remains
poorly understood. Here, we report that the presence of physiologic carbon sources (PCSs) …

Combined checkpoint blockade (eg, PD1/PD-L1) with traditional clinical therapies can be
hampered by side effects and low tumour-therapeutic outcome, hindering broad clinical …

External radiotherapy is extensively used in clinic to destruct tumors by locally applied
ionizing‐radiation beams. However, the efficacy of radiotherapy is usually limited by tumor …

Immunotherapy has shown encouraging results in various cancers, but the response rates
are relatively low due to the complex tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME) …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown the potential of triggering systemic antitumor
immune responses. However, while the oxygen‐deficient hypoxic tumor microenvironment …

While immunotherapy has become a highly promising paradigm for cancer treatment in
recent years, it has long been recognized that photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the ability to …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and highly malignant tumor that is prone to
recurrence and metastasis and has no effective treatment. Unsurprisingly, its prognosis is …

Tissues such as the skin and mucosae are frequently exposed to microbial pathogens.
Infectious agents must be quickly and efficiently controlled by our immune system, but the …