Exposure to traumatic stress is associated with increased risk for posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) and alterations of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) function …

The neurobiological mechanisms by which childhood maltreatment heightens vulnerability
to psychopathology remain poorly understood. It is likely that a complex interaction between …

Altered reactivity to stress, either in the direction of exaggerated reactivity or diminished
reactivity, may signal a dysregulation of systems intended to maintain homeostasis and a …

Controversy exists surrounding the role of childhood abuse in obesity development. This is a
metaanalysis of observational studies on the role of childhood abuse in adult obesity …

Background A history of early adverse experiences is an important risk factor for adult
psychopathology. Changes in stress sensitivity and functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary …

We review studies with human and nonhuman species that examine the hypothesis that
epigenetic mechanisms, particularly those affecting the expression of genes implicated in …

Given the high prevalence of early life stress (ELS) and the potential physiological
dysregulation such experiences can lead to, this meta-analysis tested the relationship …

It is now broadly accepted that psychological stress may change the internal homeostatic
state of an individual. During acute stress, adaptive physiological responses occur, which …

Parental care influences development across mammals. In humans such influences include
effects on phenotypes, such as stress reactivity, which determine individual differences in …

BACKGROUND: Can stressful events in early life alter the response characteristics of the
human stress axis? Individual differences in stress reactivity are considered potentially …