Immune suppression by regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells is a critical mechanism to
limit excess inflammation and autoimmunity. IL-10 is considered the major mediator of B cell …

Humoral memory to an antigen (Ag) is maintained for several decades in the form of memory
B cells and serum Ab. In fact, plasma cells (PCs) that secrete Ab are known to be long-lived …

Sustained Notch2 signals induce trans-differentiation of Follicular B (FoB) cells into Marginal
Zone B (MZB) cells in mice, but the physiology underlying this differentiation pathway is still …

We have used an inhibiting antibody to determine whether preimmune versus antigen-
experienced B cells differ in their requisites for BLyS, a cytokine that controls differentiation …

Humoral immunity is characterized by the generation of Ab-secreting plasma cells and
memory B cells that can more rapidly generate specific Abs upon Ag exposure than their …

Germinal centers (GCs) are essential sites for the production of high-affinity antibody
secreting plasma cells (PCs) and memory-B cells (MBCs), which form the framework of …

In mice, memory B (Bmem) cells can be divided into two subpopulations: CD80hi Bmem
cells, which preferentially differentiate into plasma cells; and CD80lo Bmem cells, which …

Memory B cells (MBCs) are long-lived cells that form a critical part of immunological
memory, providing rapid antibody responses to recurring infections. However, very little is …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system. Once thought to be primarily driven by T cells, B cells are emerging as central …

In primary humoral responses, B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) is a master regulator of follicular
helper T (TFH) cell differentiation; however, its activation mechanisms and role in memory …