Gambling disorder is an impairing condition confounded by psychiatric co-morbidity,
particularly with substance use and anxiety disorders. Yet, our knowledge of the …

Afferent inputs to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) control reward-related behaviors through
regulation of dopamine neuron activity. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) provides one of the …

Experience with drugs of abuse (such as cocaine) produces powerful, long-lasting
memories that may be important in the development and persistence of drug addiction. The …

Dopamine plays a key role in the cellular and behavioral responses to drugs of abuse, but
the implication of metabotropic regulatory input to dopaminergic neurons on acute drug …

As a main clinical feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), intermittent hypoxia (IH) induces
oxidative stress, leading to damage to a variety of organs, including kidney. Metallothionein …

Introduction: Preclinical literature, frequently utilizing rats, suggests females display a more
rapid advancement of substance abuse and a greater risk of relapse following drug …

Objective Gait irregularities are prevalent in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
However, there is a paucity of information on gait phenotypes in NDD experimental models …

Background: The rate of entry of cocaine into the brain is a critical factor that influences
neuronal plasticity and the development of cocaine addiction. Until now, passive diffusion …

Rationale Astrocytes play an integral role in modulating synaptic transmission and plasticity,
both key mechanisms underlying addiction. However, while astrocytes are capable of …

Numerous brain regions have been identified as contributing to withdrawal behaviors, but it
is unclear the way in which these brain regions as a whole lead to withdrawal. The search …