After the publication of the revised edition, therapeutic drugs described in “Future Treatment”
were approved and important evidence for pharmacologic therapy and nonpharmacologic …

The vascular endothelium is a dynamic, functionally complex organ, modulating multiple
biological processes, including vascular tone and permeability, inflammatory responses …

Heart Failure Society (JHFS). The working committee for this project includes members and
collaborators involved in the previous versions of the heart failure guidelines and members …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been correlated with almost every human disease. Yet
clinical exploitation of these hypotheses by pharmacological modulation of ROS has been …

The heme iron complex is one of the most important cofactors in biological systems (Figure
1). The major functions of the heme iron complex are to serve as the O2 binding site for …

Conspectus Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signaling molecule that participates in
various physiological and biological pathways associated with vasodilation, immune …

Kynurenine pathway is the main route of tryptophan metabolism and produces several
metabolites with various biologic properties. It has been uncovered that several …

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with symptoms and or signs caused by a structural
and/or functional cardiac abnormality and associated with elevated natriuretic peptide levels …

Highlights•Chronic kidney disease therapies can be unsuccessful—new options are
needed.•NO deficiency is implicated in CKD pathogenesis, and sGC catalyzes cGMP …

Nitric oxide (NO) activates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) by binding its prosthetic heme
group, thereby catalyzing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) synthesis. cGMP …