Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, natural, cell-derived vesicles that contain the
same nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids as their source cells. Thus, they can serve as natural …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-enclosed particles that are involved
in physiologic and pathologic processes. EVs are increasingly being studied for therapeutic …

With the increase of population aging, the number of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is
also increasing. According to current estimates, approximately 11% of people over 65 suffer …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer membrane particles that play critical roles in
intracellular communication through EV-encapsulated informative content, including …

Regenerative medicine is a rapidly advancing field that aims to restore, replace, or
regenerate damaged tissues and organs using advanced biomedical techniques. Its …

Malignancy is a major public health problem and among the leading lethal diseases
worldwide. Although the current tumor treatment methods have therapeutic effect to a certain …

Wound healing is a complex and prolonged process that remains a significant challenge in
clinical practice. Exosomes, a type of nanoscale extracellular vesicles naturally secreted by …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration with increasing
prevalence and unsatisfactory treatment efficacy. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of versatile adult stem cells present in various
organs. These cells give rise to extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a diverse array of …

As a novel cell-free strategy, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-
EVs) inherit the therapeutic potential of donor cells, and are widely used for the treatment of …