Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are responsible
for most cases of viral hepatitis. Infection by each type of virus results in a different typical …

The liver has vital metabolic and clearance functions that involve the uptake of nutrients,
waste products and pathogens from the blood. In addition, its unique immunoregulatory …

Hepatitis C virus has been identified a quarter of a decade ago as a leading cause of
chronic viral hepatitis that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Only a …

Natural killer (NK) cells are effector cells of the innate immune system and are important in
the control of viral infections. Their relevance is reflected by the multiple mechanisms …

The liver is considered a preferential tissue for NK cells residency. In humans, almost 50% of
all intrahepatic lymphocytes are NK cells that are strongly imprinted in a liver-specific …

Exhaustion of cytotoxic effector natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells have important functions
in the establishment of persistent viral infections, but how exhaustion is induced during …

Natural killer (NK) cells are enriched in lymphocytes within the liver and have unique
phenotypic features and functional properties, including tumor necrosis factor–related …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the major risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC). The mechanisms of HCC initiation, growth, and metastasis appear to be …

The liver is the largest organ in the body and is generally regarded by non-immunologists as
not having lymphoid function. However, such is far from accurate. This review highlights the …

Natural killer (NK) cells are important components of the innate immunity and play a key role
in host defense by virtue of their ability to release cytokines and to mediate cytolytic activity …