Psychology has historically been concerned, first and foremost, with explaining the causal
mechanisms that give rise to behavior. Randomized, tightly controlled experiments are …

The calculation and use of effect sizes—such as d for mean differences and r for correlations—
has increased dramatically in second language (L2) research in the last decade …

A key sticking point of Bayesian analysis is the choice of prior distribution, and there is a vast
literature on potential defaults including uniform priors, Jeffreys' priors, reference priors …

Statistically underpowered studies can result in experimental failure even when all other
experimental considerations have been addressed impeccably. In fMRI the combination of a …

Statistical power analysis provides the conventional approach to assess error rates when
designing a research study. However, power analysis is flawed in that a narrow emphasis …

Recently there has been a growing concern that many published research findings do not
hold up in attempts to replicate them. We argue that this problem may originate from a …

A typical behavioral research paper features multiple studies of a common phenomenon that
are analyzed solely in isolation. Because the studies are of a common phenomenon, this …

Researcher degrees of freedom can lead to a multiple comparisons problem, even in
settings where researchers perform only a single analysis on their data. The problem is …

Event‐related potentials (ERPs) and magnetic fields (ERFs) are typically analyzed via
ANOVAs on mean activity in a priori windows. Advances in computing power and statistics …

We analyze how a larger presence of female evaluators affects committee decision-making
using information on 100,000 applications to associate and full professorships in Italy and …