All around the world, many studies and experimental results have assessed elevated
concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM) in underground metro systems, with non-negligible …

Abstract The Copenhagen Metro comprises four lines, the M1, M2, M3 and M4, with 25
subterranean stations and an additional 14 stations above ground, serving ca. 80 million …

An extensive measurement campaign was conducted in the Milan subway system in order to
investigate PM10 concentrations, to determine its physical and elemental composition, its …

The effects of air pollution within subway systems on public health has far been overlooked.
A few previous studies have warned that particulate matter (PM)-bound metals in subway air …

Millions of people use rail subway public transport around the world, despite the relatively
high particulate matter (PM) concentrations in these underground environments, requiring …

Measurements carried out in Paris Magenta railway station in April–May 2006 underlined a
repeatable diurnal cycle of aerosol concentrations and optical properties. The average …

This study measured the particle concentrations with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than
2.5 μm (PM2. 5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and relative humidity (RH) at five metro subway …

Toxic air pollution on city streets is a very important issue, as pollutants are associated with
adverse health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This study …

Negative health effects of airborne particles have clearly been shown in epidemiological
studies. People get exposed to particles from various sources such as the combustion of, for …

There is limited information on exposure to metallic constituents of fine particulate matter in
subway stations. We characterized the concentrations and composition of airborne fine …