Estrogens are the primary female sex hormones and play important roles in both
reproductive and non-reproductive systems. Estrogens can be synthesized in non …

Sex steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol and exert pleiotropic effects notably
in the central nervous system. Pioneering studies from Baulieu and colleagues have …

Converging evidence from cellular, electrophysiological, anatomic, and behavioral studies
suggests that the remodeling of synapse structure and function is a critical component of …

Aromatase inhibitors, which are widely used for the treatment of estrogen-dependent
cancers, have been associated with psychiatric side effects ranging from mania to …

Over the past two decades, the classical understanding of steroid action has been updated
to include rapid, membrane-initiated, neurotransmitter-like functions. While steroids were …

The discovery of novel neurohormones is important for the advancement of
neuroendocrinology. In early 1970s, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a …

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits
gonadotropin secretion and socio-sexual behaviours. Oestrogen (neuroestrogen) …

Beside their genomic mode of action, estrogens also activate a variety of cellular signaling
pathways through non-genomic mechanisms. Until recently, little was known regarding the …

Diverse cognitive functions in many vertebrate species are influenced by local conversion of
androgens to 17β-estradiol (E2) by aromatase. This enzyme is highly expressed in various …

These last two decades have seen an explosion of clinical and epidemiological research,
and basic research devoted to envisage the influence of gender and hormonal fluctuations …