The productivity of ecosystems and their capacity to support life depends on access to
reactive nitrogen (N). Over the past century, humans have more than doubled the global …

Drylands are an essential component of the Earth System and are among the most
vulnerable to climate change. In this Review, we synthesize observational and modelling …

The enhanced vegetation productivity driven by increased concentrations of carbon dioxide
(CO2)[ie, the CO2 fertilization effect (CFE)] sustains an important negative feedback on …

The ratio of carbon assimilation to water evapotranspiration (ET) of an ecosystem, referred to
as ecosystem water use efficiency (WUEeco), is widely expected to increase because of the …

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation constrains the magnitude of terrestrial carbon
uptake in response to elevated carbon dioxide and climate change. However, global maps …

Executive summary Land and climate interact in complex ways through changes in forcing
and multiple biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks across different spatial and …

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological
characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect …

Human activities have greatly perturbed the global nitrogen cycle. Planetary boundaries,
which describe a safe operating space for humanity, have already been exceeded for the …

Root and tuber crops have been an important part of human nutrition since the early days of
humanity, providing us with essential carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins. Today, they are …

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are the primary elements involved in the growth and
development of plants. The C: N ratio is an indicator of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and an …