Introduction Anemia is one of the major complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) have been the mainstay of renal anemia treatment …

Phase 2 and phase 3 clinical studies showed that hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl
hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) efficiently increased hemoglobin levels in both dialysis …

Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult and pediatric
patients. It has traditionally been treated with erythropoietin therapy and iron …

Objective: Daprodustat is a novel oral agent in treating anemia of chronic kidney disease
(CKD), and several clinical trials have been conducted to compare daprodustat with …

Renal fibrosis is characterized by tubular cell atrophy and accumulation of extracellular
matrix. Fibroblast activation becomes evident in areas surrounding atrophic tubules, with …

HIF-PHIs have several advantages including oral administration, physiological EPO
secretion, and improved iron utilization. Undoubtedly, HIF-PHIs will pave the new way in the …

Background: Vadadustat is a novel drug for treating anemia patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD), but its effect and safety remain uncertain. This study aimed to summarize the …

Individualization of hemoglobin targets using EPO-stimulating agents and iron
supplementation may be considered in younger, healthier patients with kidney disease to …

Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) are a novel group
of drugs used to treat renal anemia, but their benefits vary among different trials. Our meta …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes over 1 million deaths worldwide every year. AKI is now
recognized as a major risk factor in the development and progression of chronic kidney …