Flaviviruses are vector-borne RNA viruses that can emerge unexpectedly in human
populations and cause a spectrum of potentially severe diseases including hepatitis …

Global warming and the associated climate changes are predictable. They are enhanced by
burning of fossil fuels and the emission of huge amounts of CO 2 gas which resulted in …

Ixodes scapularis ticks transmit many pathogens that cause human disease, including
Borrelia burgdorferi. Acquired resistance to I. scapularis due to repeated tick exposure has …

Ticks are the major vectors of most disease-causing agents to humans, companion animals
and wildlife. Moreover, ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogenic agents than any other …

Ixodes spp. and related ticks transmit prevalent infections, although knowledge of their
biology and development of anti-tick measures have been hindered by the lack of a high …

The incidence of tick-borne diseases has increased in recent decades and accounts for the
majority of vector-borne disease cases in temperate areas of Europe, North America, and …

Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) is a tick-borne, zoonosis of adults and children caused by
genospecies of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. The ailment, widespread …

In recent decades, tickborne disease (TBD) cases and established populations of medically
important ticks have been reported over expanding geographic areas, and an increasing …

Ixodes scapularis (the blacklegged tick) was considered a species of no medical concern
until the mid-1970s. By that time, the tick's geographic distribution was thought to be mainly …

Lyme borreliosis is the most common vectorborne disease in the northern hemisphere. It
usually begins with erythema migrans; early disseminated infection particularly causes …