Background It is estimated that over 930 million people live in fragile and conflict-affected
situations (FCAS) worldwide. These regions, characterized by violence, civil unrest, and war …

Background Inappropriate use of antibiotics is a global public health challenge and has
been associated with antibiotic resistance. WHO reports show that efforts to promote rational …

Background Changes to the method of payment for healthcare providers, including pay‐for‐
performance schemes, are increasingly being used by governments, health insurers, and …

Maternal mortality represents one of the widest gaps between developed and developing
countries. Ninety-nine percent of maternal deaths occur in developing countries, with over …

There has been growing awareness across the world of the negative health effects of air
pollution. Poland is the European country that is worst affected by this problem, and the …

Abstract The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in part aim to further improve maternal
health outcomes by reducing spatial disparities in utilization of critical services such as …

The risk of a child dying before age five in Burundi is almost 1.6 times higher than that in the
World Health Organization (WHO) African region. However, variations in the all-cause …

Background Timely and appropriate health care during pregnancy and childbirth are the
pillars of better maternal health outcomes. However, factors such as poverty and low …

Background Out-of-pocket expenses have been reported as a major barrier to accessing
antenatal care and skilled birth delivery in most of sub-Saharan Africa. Performance-based …

Aiming to increase the coverage and quality of health care services, many health systems
are shifting their health financing strategy away from exclusively low-powered incentives …