Questions of how altered functioning of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis
contribute to the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) …

The early environment has a major impact on the developing embryo, fetus, and infant.
Parental adversity (maternal and paternal) and glucocorticoid exposure before conception …

The gut microbiota (GM) plays a critical role in human health and disease. Likewise, it is
becoming increasingly evident that changes or disruptions to the GM can have significant …

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol are the most abundant hormones of the
human fetal and adult adrenals released as end products of a tightly coordinated endocrine …

Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with health (physical and mental) and cognitive
ability. Understanding and ameliorating the problems of low SES have long been goals of …

In utero exposure to environmental stress in both animals and humans could result in long-
term epigenome alterations which further lead to consequences for adaptation and …

DNA methylation (DNAm)–an epigenetic process that regulates gene expression–may
represent a mechanism for the biological embedding of early traumatic experiences …

Abstract The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) plays a central role in brain development,
regulation of mood, stress reactivity and risk of psychiatric disorders, and thus alterations in …

Suicide ranks among the leading causes of death around the world and takes a heavy
emotional and public health toll on most societies. Both distal and proximal factors contribute …

From intertextuality to postmodern cultural studies, narratology to affect theory,
poststructuralism to metamodernism, and postcolonialism to ecocriticism, humanities …