Background Recently, the hallmarks of aging were updated to include dysbiosis, disabled
macroautophagy, and chronic inflammation. In particular, the low-grade chronic …

Kidney disease is a significant health problem worldwide, affecting an estimated 10% of the
global population. Kidney disease encompasses a diverse group of disorders that vary in …

Excessive TGF-β signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction fuel chronic kidney disease (CKD)
progression. However, inhibiting TGF-β failed to impede CKD in humans. The proximal …

Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological process responsible for
cellular damage in glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy. Metformin …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered one of the most common neurodegenerative brain
diseases which involves the deposition of α-synuclein. Irisin hormone, a newly discovered …

Chronic sterile inflammation and persistent immune activation is a prominent pathological
feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Inflammasomes are multi-protein intracellular signaling …

Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. Despite the burden, the
factors contributing to the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) …

The immune system and the kidneys are closely related. Immune components mediate
acute kidney disease and are crucial to the progression of chronic kidney disease. Beyond …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious complications of diabetes that has limited
treatment options. As a lytic inflammatory cell death, pyroptosis plays an important role in the …

In the broad field of inflammation, skeletal muscle is a tissue that is understudied. Yet it
represents about 40% of body mass in non-obese individuals and is therefore of …