Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors that act
on a genetically susceptible host. It features three clinical stages: a pre-clinical stage …

Abstract T helper 17 (Th17) cells have been involved in the pathogenesis of many
autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, like psoriasis, multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid …

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that is
activated downstream of a broad range of receptors particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6) family …

Follicular T regulatory (Tfr) cells inhibit follicular T helper (Tfh) cells mediated B cell
responses. Tfh cells are involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus …

Many cytokines are crucial drivers of cancers and autoimmune conditions. These proteins
bind to receptors and signal their responses through Janus kinase (JAK) and signal …

Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases of the medium and large arteries, including the
aorta, cause life-threatening complications due to vessel wall destruction but also by wall …

The gastrointestinal tract encounters a wide variety of microorganisms, including beneficial
symbionts, pathobionts, and pathogens. Recent evidence has shown that the gut microbiota …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been identified as key immune regulators and are important
to fetal survival within the maternal uterus. T helper 17 (Th17) cells have also emerged as a …

For many decades, T helper 2 (TH2) cells have been considered to predominantly regulate
the pathogenic manifestations of allergic asthma, such as IgE-mediated sensitization, airway …

Abstract Purpose of Review We provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the
natural history of human type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the documented associations between …