Effectors are small, secreted molecules that mediate the establishment of interactions in
nature. While some concepts of effector biology have stood the test of time, this area of study …

Many bioactive secondary metabolites synthesized by fungi have important applications in
many fields, such as agriculture, food, medical and others. The biosynthesis of secondary …

Fungal plant pathogens use proteinaceous effectors as well as newly identified secondary
metabolites (SMs) and small non-coding RNA (sRNA) effectors to manipulate the host …

Highlights•Pathogenic fungi produce secondary metabolites (SMs) to control the host and its
environment.•Functional genomics facilitates identification of new SM effectors.•Population …

Background In agricultural ecosystems, outbreaks of diseases are frequent and pose a
significant threat to food security. A successful pathogen undergoes a complex and well …

Septoria pistaciarum, a causal agent of Septoria leaf spot disease of pistachio, is a fungal
pathogen that causes substantial losses in the cultivation, worldwide. This study describes …

The rapid adaptive evolution of microbes is driven by strong selection pressure acting on
genetic variation. How adaptive genetic variation is generated within species and how such …

Fungal endophytes are well-known for their ability to promote plant growth and hinder fungal
diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum. This …

Mycotoxins have substantial impacts on agricultural production and food preservation. Some
have high similarities in bioactivity but subtle differences on structures from various fungal …

Heterochromatin is a repressive chromatin state that plays key roles in the functional
organisation of eukaryotic genomes. In fungal plant pathogens, effector genes that are …