Antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins is essential for
adaptive immunity. Prior to presentation, peptides need to be generated from proteins that …

Mature B lymphocytes (B cells) recognize antigens using their B cell receptor (BCR) and are
activated to become antibody-producing cells. In addition, and integral to the development of …

Heterogeneous intracellular pathways and biochemical mechanisms are responsible for
generating the glycoprotein complexes of peptide and major histocompatibility complex that …

The endosomes and lysosomes of antigen-presenting cells host the processing and
assembly reactions that result in the display of peptides on major histocompatibility complex …

HLA-DR molecules bind microbial peptides in an endosomal compartment and present
them on the cell surface for CD4 T cell surveillance. HLA-DM plays a critical role in the …

Highlights•Two recent crystal structures show how DM interacts with MHCII proteins.•Studies
of H2-O knockout mice reveal a role for DO in regulating immunity and autoimmunity.•Key …

Celiac disease driven by an antigluten T cell response is strongly associated with the
histocompatibility antigen HLA-DQ2. 5 but is barely associated with HLA-DQ2. 2. Yet these …

Mammalian class II major histocompatibility (MHCII) proteins bind peptide antigens in
endosomal compartments of antigen-presenting cells. The nonclassical MHCII protein HLA …

In antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), loading of major histocompatibility complex class II
(MHC II) molecules with peptides is regulated by invariant chain (Ii), which blocks MHC II …

The mechanisms of HLA-DM-catalyzed peptide exchange remain uncertain. Here we found
that all stages of the interaction of HLA-DM with HLA-DR were dependent on the occupancy …