HIV, the causative agent of AIDS, has a complex evolutionary history involving several cross-
species transmissions and recombination events as well as changes in the repertoire and …

The AIDS pandemic that started in the early 1980s is due to human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 (HIV-1) group M (HIV-M), but apart from this major group, many divergent variants …

The cellular factor serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5) impairs HIV-1 infectivity but is
antagonized by the viral Nef protein. We analyzed the anti-SERINC5 activity of Nef proteins …

Retroviruses have an intricate life cycle. There is much to be learned from studying retrovirus-
host interactions. Among retroviruses, the primate lentiviruses have one of the more complex …

Abstract Tetherin (BST2/CD317) has emerged as a key host cell defense molecule,
inhibiting the release and spread of diverse enveloped virions from infected cells. In this …

Most simian immunodeficiency viruses use their Nef protein to antagonize the host
restriction factor tetherin. A deletion in human tetherin confers Nef resistance, representing a …

Host cells respond to viral infections by activating immune response genes that are not only
involved in inflammation, but may also predispose cells to cancerous transformation. One …

Chimpanzees in west central Africa (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) are endemically infected
with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVcpz Ptt) that have crossed the species barrier to …

Viral protein U (Vpu) is a lentiviral viroporin encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type
1 (HIV-1) and some simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains. This small protein of 81 …

HIV-1, the main causative agent of AIDS, and related primate lentiviruses show a striking
ability to efficiently replicate throughout the lifetime of an infected host. In addition to their …