The parasympathetic nervous system modulates inflammation through efferent vagus nerve
signaling. Tracey (2002) termed this process as the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway …

There is growing interest in the role that the intestinal microbiota and the related
autoimmune processes may have in the genesis and presentation of some psychiatric …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease that attacks the central
nervous system. Dietary intake of cuprizone (CPZ) produces demyelination resembling that …

Cumulative evidence suggests that pyroptosis, a new sort of programmed cell death, is
closely related to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our previous studies have …

Flavonoids are a biodiverse family of dietary compounds that have antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial cell protective profiles. They have received …

Non-invasive neuromodulation technology is important for the treatment of brain diseases.
The effects of focused ultrasound on neuronal activity have been investigated since the …

This paper reviews the many functions of the vagus nerve, to understand how they interact in
daily life and what might be accomplished by therapeutical electrical stimulation. A short …

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a technology that provides electrical stimulation to the
cervical vagus nerve and can be applied in the treatment of a wide variety of …

Background Accumulating evidence suggests the role of brain–spleen axis as well as brain–
gut–microbiota axis in inflammation-related depression. The spleen mediates anti …

The human brain has high energetic expenses and consumes over 20% of total oxygen
metabolism. Abnormal brain energy homeostasis leads to various brain diseases. Among …