Vaccines work by eliciting an immune response and consequent immunological memory
that mediates protection from infection or disease. Recently, new methods have been …

There are still approximately 500 million cases of malaria and 1 million deaths from malaria
each year. Yet recently, malaria incidence has been dramatically reduced in some parts of …

Summary Background The RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine targets the circumsporozoite
protein, inducing antibodies associated with the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum …

Recent developments in the use of viruses as vaccine vectors have been facilitated by a
better understanding of viral biology. Advances occur as we gain greater insight into the …

The RTS, S/AS01E malaria vaccine candidate has recently entered phase 3 testing.
Reaching this important milestone is the culmination of more than 20 years of research and …

Plasmodium sporozoites make a remarkable journey from the skin, where they are
deposited by an infected Anopheline mosquito, to the liver, where they invade hepatocytes …

Vaccination with the pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine RTS, S induces high levels of
antibodies and CD4+ T cells specific for the circumsporozoite protein (CSP). Using a …

Infection of mice with sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei or Plasmodium yoelii has been
used extensively to evaluate liver-stage protection by candidate preerythrocytic malaria …

In response to infection or effective vaccination, naive antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells
undergo a dramatic highly orchestrated activation process. Initial encounter with an …

The difficulty of inducing protective immunity through antibodies against sporozoites led to
efforts to assess vectored vaccines as a means of inducing protective T cell immunity against …