Background: The pathophysiology of pain involves complex nervous system interactions
after initial noxious stimuli. When stimuli persist, biochemical and structural changes occur in …

Acute postoperative pain is followed by persistent pain in 10–50% of individuals after
common operations, such as groin hernia repair, breast and thoracic surgery, leg …

Background A majority of the nearly 2 million Americans living with limb loss suffer from
chronic pain in the form of neuroma-related residual limb and phantom limb pain (PLP) …

Following amputation, most amputees still report feeling the missing limb and often describe
these feelings as excruciatingly painful. Phantom limb sensations (PLS) are useful while …

Postamputation pain (PAP) is highly prevalent after limb amputation but remains an
extremely challenging pain condition to treat. A large part of its intractability stems from the …

Methods We performed a computerized search of the medical literature using the OVID
search engine (OVID Technologies, Wolters Kluwer, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The …

In the past ten years there has been recognition that chronic post-surgical pain is a
significant problem. This is a complex area of research and although the quality of studies …

Most patients who undergo surgery recover uneventfully and resume their normal daily
activities within weeks. Nevertheless, chronic postsurgical pain develops in an alarming …

Phantom pain refers to pain in a body part that has been amputated or deafferented. It has
often been viewed as a type of mental disorder or has been assumed to stem from …

Phantom-limb pain is a common sequela of amputation, occurring in up to 80% of people
who undergo the procedure. It must be differentiated from non-painful phantom phenomena …