Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are essential for transmission of cell
signals and other physiological functions. However, excessive amounts of ROS can cause …

Co-culturing of cells in in vitro tissue models is widely used to study how they interact with
each other. These models serve to represent a variety of processes in the human body such …

Bone is an extremely dynamic tissue, undergoing continuous remodeling for its whole
lifetime, but its regeneration or augmentation due to bone loss or defects are not always …

Recent years have witnessed surging demand for bone repair/regeneration implants due to
the increasing number of bone defects caused by trauma, cancer, infection, and arthritis …

Bone tissue engineering is a complex domain that requires further investigation and benefits
from data obtained over past decades. The models are increasing in complexity as they …

Bone is a highly responsive organ, which continuously adapts to the environment it is
subjected to in order to withstand metabolic demands. These events are difficult to study in …

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease that results in loss of bone density and increased
fracture risk, particularly in the vertebrae and the hip. This condition and associated …

MiR-21 is being gradually more and more recognized as a molecule regulating bone tissue
homeostasis. However, its function is not fully understood due to the dual role of miR-21 on …

Background and Purpose Melatonin is a neurohormone involved in bone homeostasis.
Melatonin directs bone remodelling and the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells …

In vitro evaluation of bone graft materials is generally performed by analyzing the interaction
with osteoblasts or osteoblast precursors. In vitro bone models comprising different cell …