The international standard CityGML defines five levels of detail (LODs) for 3D city models,
but only the highest of these (LOD4) supports modelling the indoor geometry of a building …

Photovoltaic (PV) systems can be affected by complex shading. Software solutions have
been developed over time, offering an ever-increasing set of simulation possibilities to …

Consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) applied to systems under continuous evolution,
such as cities, usually disregard interactions among local components, how policy decisions …

Photovoltaic (PV) technology is the most promising renewable energy source to be
integrated on urban building surfaces. Modeling and simulating urban PV systems pose …

Available renewable energy resources play a vital role in fulfilling the energy demands of
the increasing global population. To create a sustainable urban environment with the use of …

Among the various types of renewable energy, solar photovoltaic has elicited the most
attention because of its low pollution, abundant reserve, and endless supply. Solar …

This review paper organizes and summarizes the literature regarding climate change
impacts on future building energy demand. The approaches used for the creation of future …

With the increasing deployment of solar systems in buildings in urban environments, a future
scenario of high photovoltaic penetration is expected to produce impacts on the distribution …

Solar energy, as a clean and renewable resource is becoming increasingly important in the
global context of climate change and energy crisis. Utilization of solar energy in urban areas …

Rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) are considered a promising solution to alleviating current cities'
escalating energy usage and carbon emissions. In high-density cities, complex shading …