Convergent evolution is a widespread phenomenon seen in diverse organisms inhabiting
similar selective environments. However, it is unclear if similar phenotypes are produced by …

Clubfoot is one of the most common severe musculoskeletal birth defects, with a worldwide
incidence of 1 in 1000 live births. In the present study, we describe a five-generation family …

Evolutionary developmental biology (evo‐devo) has undergone dramatic transformations
since its emergence as a distinct discipline. This paper aims to highlight the scope, power …

Studies of the genetic basis of adaptive changes in natural populations are now addressing
questions that date back to the beginning of evolutionary biology, such as whether evolution …

Examples of parallel evolution of phenotypic traits have been repeatedly demonstrated in
threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) across their global distribution. Using …

Birds display remarkable diversity in the distribution and morphology of scales and feathers
on their feet, yet the genetic and developmental mechanisms governing this diversity remain …

Identifying the molecular basis of phenotypes that have evolved independently can provide
insight into the ways genetic and developmental constraints influence the maintenance of …

Natural selection is amazingly effective. It is becoming increasingly clear that any
measurable strength of selection on any measurably evolvable character can cause large …

While the paired forelimb and hindlimb buds of vertebrates are initially morphologically
homogeneous, as the limb progenitors differentiate, each individual tissue element attains a …

Modeling discrete phenotypic traits for either ancestral character state reconstruction or
morphology-based phylogenetic inference suffers from ambiguities of character coding …