Since the successful application of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in preventing COVID-
19, researchers have been striving to develop mRNA vaccines for clinical use, including …

Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-associated mortalities, representing a huge
health and economic burden. One of the mechanisms that enables metastasis is …

Nanotechnology profoundly affects the advancement of medicine. Limitations in diagnosing
and treating cancer and chronic diseases promote the growth of nanomedicine. However …

The use of biomaterials in delivering CRISPR/Cas9 for gene therapy in infectious diseases
holds tremendous potential. This innovative approach combines the advantages of …

Vaccines represent one of the most significant advancements in public health since they
prevented morbidity and mortality in millions of people every year. Conventionally, vaccine …

Drug delivery is a key component of nanomedicine, and conventional delivery relies on the
adsorption or encapsulation of drug molecules to a nanomaterial. Many delivery vehicles …

Finding a long-term cure for tumor patients still represents a major challenge.
Immunotherapies offer promising therapy options, since they are designed to specifically …

In recent years, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have attracted extensive attention in tumor
immunotherapy. Targeting immune cells in cancer therapy has become a strategy of great …

Macrophages and neutrophils are the main components of the innate immune system and
play important roles in promoting angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, cancer cell …

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin
domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is pivotal in orchestrating the immune …