Emerging evidence suggests that liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) represents a vital
and ubiquitous phenomenon underlying the formation of membraneless organelles in …

The regulated transcription of genes determines cell identity and function. Recent structural
studies have elucidated mechanisms that govern the regulation of transcription by RNA …

How enhancers control target gene expression over long genomic distances remains an
important unsolved problem. Here we investigated enhancer–promoter communication by …

The human gene catalogue is essentially complete, but we lack an equivalently vetted
inventory of bona fide human enhancers. Hundreds of thousands of candidate enhancers …

Precise spatio–temporal control of gene activity is essential for organismal development,
growth, and survival in a changing environment. Decisive steps in gene regulation involve …

The journey of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) as it transcribes a gene is anything but a smooth
ride. Transcript elongation is discontinuous and can be perturbed by intrinsic regulatory …

The role of histone modifications in transcription remains incompletely understood. Here, we
examine the relationship between histone modifications and transcription using …

Abstract RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes all protein-coding genes and many
noncoding RNAs in eukaryotic genomes. Although Pol II is a complex, 12-subunit enzyme, it …

The programmes that direct an organism's development and maintenance are encoded in its
genome. Decoding of this information begins with regulated transcription of genomic DNA …

Summary RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) is generally paused at promoter-proximal regions
in most metazoans, and based on in vitro studies, this function has been attributed to the …