This review describes the advantages of adopting a molluscan complementary model, the
freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, to study the neural basis of learning and memory in …

Molluscs are among the most ancient, diverse, and important of all animal taxa. Even so, no
individual mollusc species has emerged as a broadly applied model system in biology. We …

Long-term memory formation is energetically costly. Neural mechanisms that guide an
animal to identify fruitful associations therefore have important survival benefits. Here, we …

Environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches contributing to species identifications are quickly
becoming the new norm in biomonitoring and ecosystem assessments. Yet, information …

Abstract Introduction: The Garcia effect, a solid learning paradigm, was used to investigate
the molecular and behavioral effects induced by different lengths of fasting on the cognitive …

In this Commentary, we shed light on the use of invertebrates as model organisms for
understanding the causal and conserved mechanisms of learning and memory. We provide …

Background Host immune function can contribute to numerous ecological/evolutionary
processes. Ecoimmunological studies, however, typically use one/few phenotypic immune …

Seasonal changes in the natural light condition play a pivotal role in the regulation of many
biological processes in organisms. Disruption of this natural condition via the growing loss of …

Light is an important zeitgeber that regulates many behavioral and physiological processes
in animals. These processes may become disturbed due to the changes in natural patterns …

Many studies on the control of reproduction in mollusks have focused on hormones (and
proteins associated with the production and signaling of those hormones) which were …