Introduction: The pharmacodynamic effects of various combined oral estrogen-progestin
combinations (COC) are examined for their components alone or in the various combined …

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) induce several changes in the levels of coagulation
factors. The levels of procoagulant factors are often increased, while levels of anticoagulant …

Hemostasis is a complex process in which abnormalities can cause shifts toward
prothrombotic or prohemorrhagic states resulting in thrombosis or bleeding, respectively …

Introduction Oral contraceptives (OC) increase the risk of venous thromboembolism that
depends on the OC formulation and could at least partially be explained by impaired …

Background and objectives The effect of oral contraceptive (OC) usage on coagulation has
been studied worldwide. However, no such studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia …

Exposure to higher levels of steroid hormones, like that in pregnancy or during combined
hormonal contraception, increases the risk of venous thromboembolism. Development of …

Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 18% of reproductive-aged
women with increased risks of cardiovascular disease and venous thromboembolic disease …

Progestin/estrogen oral contraceptives have some side effects, including venous
thromboembolism. To alleviate side effects, improvements have been made to low-dose oral …

Nearly half of girls and women between the ages of 15 and 24 years use hormonal
contraceptives. The overall health and well-being of girls and women of any age is benefited …

There are several possible mechanisms by which combined oral contraceptives (COC) use
increase venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. Melodene® is a monophasic COC containing …