Sleep is a universal, essential biological process. It is also an invaluable window on
consciousness. It tells us that consciousness can be lost but also that it can be regained, in …

The vividness of imagery varies between individuals. However, the existence of people in
whom conscious, wakeful imagery is markedly reduced, or absent entirely, was neglected by …

Aphantasia describes the experience of individuals who self-report a lack of voluntary visual
imagery. It is not yet known whether individuals with aphantasia show deficits in cognitive …

Visual working memory paradigms involve retaining and manipulating visual information in
mind over a period of seconds. Evidence suggests that visual imagery (sensory recruitment) …

Background Pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods of inducing altered states
of consciousness (ASCs) are becoming increasingly relevant in the treatment of psychiatric …

Schematic prior knowledge can scaffold the construction of event memories during
perception and also provide structured cues to guide memory search during retrieval. We …

A new kind of sequence–to–sequence model called a transformer has been applied to
electroencephalogram (EEG) systems. However, the majority of EEG–based transformer …

Visual mental imagery is the faculty whereby we can “visualize” objects that are not in our
line of sight. Longstanding evidence dating back over thirty years has shown that unilateral …

Reading acquisition is enabled by deep changes in the brain's visual system and language
areas, and in the links subtending their collaboration. Disruption of those plastic processes …

The neural processing of speech and music is still a matter of debate. A long tradition that
assumes shared processing capacities for the two domains contrasts with views that assume …