The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized semipermeable structure that highly
regulates exchanges between the central nervous system parenchyma and blood vessels …

The inflammatory response that marks Alzheimer's disease (neuroinflammation) is
considered a double-edged sword. Microglia have been shown to play a protective role at …

Neurological disorders have been linked to a defective blood–brain barrier (BBB), with
dysfunctions triggered by stage-specific disease mechanisms, some of these being …

Astrocytes comprise half of the cells in the central nervous system and play a critical role in
maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic dysfunction in astrocytes has been indicated …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental structure that protects the composition of the
brain by determining which ions, metabolites, and nutrients are allowed to enter the brain …

Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (r-mTBI) sustained in the military or contact sports
have been associated with the accumulation of extracellular tau in the brain, which may …

S100B is a 21-kDa protein that is produced and secreted by astrocytes and widely used as a
marker of brain injury in clinical and experimental studies. The majority of these studies are …

Neuronal injury, aging, and cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases such as
cerebral infarction, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia …

Integrins are receptors that have been linked to various brain disorders, including
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. While Integrin …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common progressive degenerative disease of the central
nervous system in aging populations. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined …