Simple Summary Currently, there are new trends in orthodontics that are increasingly being
used in clinical practice, such as aligners. It is important to know the influence of pain …

Endomorphin‐2 demonstrates potent antinociceptive effects in various pain models. The
objectives of the present study were to explore the role of endomorphin‐2 in the modulation …

Objectives To investigate the effect and mechanism of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A)
in the modulation of orofacial nociception induced by orthodontic tooth movement in rats …

Abstract Background Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) has been revealed to play
bidirectional roles in orofacial pain modulation. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a …

Purpose/Aim: In prey species, such as sheep, clinical signs of postoperative pain can
manifest in subtle ways or may be concealed entirely. Previous publications describing pain …

Introduction Assessment of oral motor behavior in a mouse is challenging due to the lack of
currently available techniques that are non-invasive and allow long-term assessment in a …

Objective The study aimed to investigate the involvement of astrocytes in the medullary
dorsal horn (MDH) in the orofacial hyperalgesia induced by experimental tooth movement …

Since its introduction in 2011, the Rat Grimace Scale (RGS) has proven to be a valuable tool
for pain assessment in preclinical studies. This scale includes the assessment of four …

Background Pain is a common symptom of orthodontic treatment. Therefore, this study
aimed to determine the effect of vanillin on emotional stress and pain-related behaviours …