The study of pain in awake animals raises ethical, philosophical, and technical problems.
We review the ethical standards for studying pain in animals and emphasize that there are …

This article reviews medications commonly used for the treatment of patients with functional
gastrointestinal disorders. Specifically, we review the animal models that have been …

Nausea is a complex sensation that results from the interaction of certain fixed biological
factors, such as gender, with changeable psychological factors, such as anxiety. This is the …

Objective—To assess effects of exercise on a treadmill with changes in gastric volume and
pH in the proximal portion of the stomach of horses. Animals—3 healthy adult horses …

Osteopathic manual treatment has been recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy
for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). However, to date, no study has supported …

Despite the prevalence of dyspepsia, nonhuman models for study of gastric hyperalgesia
are limited. We thus characterized responses to gastric distension (GD) in the absence of …

The conservative nature of animal evolution makes animal models the ideal tool for learning
about human biology. The Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Second Edition: Animal …

Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate analgesic effects of vagus nerve
stimulation (VNS) on visceral hypersensitivity (VH) in a rodent model of functional dyspepsia …

Medications are commonly used for the treatment of patients with functional gastrointestinal
disorders. The general goal of this report is to review the pharmacokinetics and …

The diagnosis of neck pain is challenging. Many visceral disorders are known to cause it,
and clinical practice guidelines recommend to rule them out during neck pain diagnosis …