The endothelium, a cellular monolayer lining the blood vessel wall, plays a critical role in
maintaining multiorgan health and homeostasis. Endothelial functions in health include …

Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and in 2022 remains the
first-choice drug used daily by approximately 150 million people. An accumulation of …

The numerous beneficial health outcomes associated with the use of metformin to treat
patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), together with data from pre-clinical studies in animals …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections present with
increased disease severity and poor clinical outcomes in diabetic patients compared with …

Cardiovascular mortality is a major cause of death among in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a well-known important risk factor for the development of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a relentlessly progressive disease with a very high
mortality mainly due to cardiovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction is well …

Adiponectin, an adipokine that circulates as multiple multimeric complexes at high levels in
serum, has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, and cardioprotective properties …

Endothelial cells (ECs) are a key cellular component of the vascular system as they form the
inner lining of the blood vessels. Recent findings highlight that ECs express extensive …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifaceted condition that increases the possibility of
developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. MetS includes obesity, hypertension …

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) encompasses a group of clinical or subclinical manifestations
involving a dysfunction in the peripheral nervous system. The cause of the dysfunction is the …