Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized mainly by motor dysfunctions due to the
progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. However, PD patients experience a multitude of …

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease whose progression and clinical
characteristics have a close bidirectional and multilevel relationship with the process of …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a protective element of the neurovascular unit (NVU)
surrounded by astrocytes, pericytes, extracellular matrix, and the tight junctional complex …

Depression, with an estimated prevalence of about 40% is a most common neuropsychiatric
disorder in Parkinson disease (PD), with a negative impact on quality of life, cognitive …

The locus coeruleus (LC) is a small brainstem structure located in the lower pons and is the
main source of noradrenaline (NA) in the brain. Via its phasic and tonic firing, it modulates …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative
disorder associated with increased oxidative stress, the underlying vital process contributing …

Introduction Depression is one of the most disabling neuropsychiatric manifestations of
Parkinson's disease (PD) and requires proper screening and diagnosis because it affects …

Researches show that the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is influenced by
oxidative stress. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of 12 weeks of …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex illness with a constellation of environmental insults
and genetic vulnerabilities being implicated. Strikingly, many studies only focus on the …

Depression represents one of the most common non-motor disorders in Parkinson's disease
(PD) and it has been related to worse life quality, higher levels of disability, and cognitive …