Tremendous efforts have been made over the past few decades to discover novel cancer
biomarkers for use in clinical practice. However, a striking discrepancy exists between the …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most difficult malignancies to diagnose and
treat. The aim of this article is to review how tumor markers can aid the diagnosis and …

Abstract Background: Updated National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB)
Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for the use of tumor markers in the clinic have been …

CA 15-3 which detects soluble forms of MUC-1 protein is the most widely used serum
marker in patients with breast cancer. Its main use is for monitoring therapy in patients with …

Disease biomarkers are used widely in medicine. But very few biomarkers are useful for
cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Over the past 15 years, major investments have been …

Over the past decade, the management of HER2-positive breast cancer has evolved
dramatically. In addition to advances in screening, genetic testing, imaging, surgical and …

Exploiting the burgeoning fields of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics improves
understanding of human physiology and, critically, the mutations that signal disease …

Although generally robust, immunoassays remain vulnerable to occasional analytical errors
that may have serious implications for patient care. Sporadic errors that occur as a result of …

BACKGROUND Biomarkers are playing increasingly important roles in the detection and
management of patients with cancer. Despite an enormous number of publications on …

Cancer initiation and progression is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic events.
Epigenetics refers to the study of mechanisms that alter gene expression without …