Pathogenesis and salugenesis are the first and second stages of the two-stage problem of
disease production and health recovery. Salugenesis is the automatic, evolutionarily …

Mitochondria, in symbiosis with the host cell, carry out a wide variety of functions from
generating energy, regulating the metabolic processes, cell death to inflammation. The most …

Calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM) family proteins are Ca2+-regulated adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)–release channels involved in neural functions including …

Abstract P2Y receptors are G protein-coupled receptors whose physiological agonists are
the nucleotides ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP and UDP-glucose. Eight P2Y receptors have been …

Recent data suggest that defects in purinergic signalling are a common denominator of
autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), though nothing is known about whether the disorder …

Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) such as oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA) are
associated with a higher incidence of infectious diseases such as metritis and mastitis …

Cholangiocytes actively contribute to the final composition of secreted bile. These cells are
exposed to abnormal mechanical stimuli during obstructive cholestasis, which has a deep …

ATP is well established as a transmitter and modulator in the peripheral and central nervous
system. While conventional exocytotic release of ATP at synapses occurs, this transmitter is …

For over a year, the coronavirus disease 2019 has been affecting the world population by
causing severe tissue injuries and death in infected people. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) …

The concept of extracellular purinergic signaling was first proposed by Geoffrey Burnstock in
the early 1970s. Since then, extracellular ATP and its metabolites ADP and adenosine have …