The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R) is predominantly expressed in the
basolateral membrane of thyrocytes, where it stimulates almost every aspect of their …

The original paradigm of classical-also referred to as canonical-cellular signal transduction
of heterotrimeric G proteins (G protein) is defined by a hierarchical, orthograde interaction of …

Progress in management of thyroid eye disease (TED) has been slow for many decades.
The recent introduction of teprotumumab (TEP) in the therapeutic arena for TED has had a …

Thyroid eye disease (TED), an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit,
exhibits a range of clinical manifestations. While the disease presentation can vary, cases …

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of 6-weekly and 12-weekly intravenous
methylprednisolone (IVMP) regimens in moderate-to-severe, active thyroid-associated …

Abstract Context Teprotumumab, an IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) inhibitor, is effective in thyroid-
associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). The drug can modulate induction by TSH of IL-6 and IL-8 …

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a disfiguring autoimmune disease characterized by changes in
the orbital tissues and is caused by abnormal thyroid function or thyroid-related antibodies. It …

Purpose: This study aims to report correlations between thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin
(TSI) and both clinical and radiological parameters in recent-onset symptomatic thyroid eye …

Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is a debilitating autoimmune condition characterized by
significant inflammation of orbital tissues, including the extraocular muscles and adipose …

Growth and immune process dysregulation can result in both cancer and nonmalignant
disease (hereditary or acquired, with and without predisposition to malignancy). Moreover …