Background There is an increasing volume of literature investigating the links between
urban environments and human health, much of which involves spatial conceptualisations …

Introduction: For the past 2400 years, the spatial relationship between health and location
has been a concern for researchers. Studies have been conducted for decades to …

In the last decade, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of addressing
the social determinants of health (SDOH), the nonmedical conditions that influence health …

Introduction Health disparity affects both urban and rural residents, with evidence showing
that rural residents have significantly lower health status than urban residents. Health equity …

Existing data on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence are irregularly
distributed around the world, and in many geographic regions data are scarce or even …

Climate change and its respective environmental impacts, such as dying lakes, is widely
acknowledged. Studies on the impact of shrinking hyper-saline lakes suggest severe …

Background Existing research from several countries has suggested that rural-dwellers may
have poorer cancer survival than urban-dwellers. However, to date, the global literature has …

Forms of informality—ranging from informal settlements to street vending and informal
transport—have become integral, yet not necessarily limited to how cities of the global South …

Large-scale biodiversity databases have become crucial information sources in many
analyses in biogeography, macroecology, and conservation biology, often involving …

Environmental health hazards are known to disproportionately burden marginalized
communities. Agriculture, wastewater, and industrial waste contaminate surface and …