Background Despite the significant progress made in South Africa in getting millions of
individuals living with HIV into care, many patients still present or re-enter care with …

Antiretroviral treatment failure has emerged as a challenge in the management of pediatric
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, especially in resource-limited countries …

Objectives In low–middle-income countries, increasing levels of HIV drug resistance
(HIVDR) on second-line protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens are a cause for concern …

Objectives To analyze the patterns and risk factors of HIV drug resistance mutations among
patients failing second-line treatment and to describe early treatment responses to …

Objectives To analyse the characteristics and determinants of drug resistance mutations
(DRMs) in HIV-infected children and adolescents on long-term ART in China. Methods An …

Background Expanded access to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) throughout sub-
Saharan Africa over the last decade has remarkably improved the prognosis of persons …

Background HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa may be at a high risk of staying on
a failing first-line regimen and developing drug-resistance HIV variants due to lack of routine …

The South African national combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) roll-out program started
in 2006, with over 4.4 million people accessing treatment since it was first introduced. HIV-1 …

Background Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(CLHIV) receiving
antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings are susceptible to high rates of …

The Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER) is the
flagship paediatric programme of the International AIDS Society (IAS), aimed at optimizing …