Mendelian randomization

E Sanderson, MM Glymour, MV Holmes… - Nature Reviews …, 2022 - nature.com
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a term that applies to the use of genetic variation to
address causal questions about how modifiable exposures influence different outcomes …

A selective review of negative control methods in epidemiology

X Shi, W Miao, ET Tchetgen - Current epidemiology reports, 2020 - Springer
Abstract Purpose of Review Negative controls are a powerful tool to detect and adjust for
bias in epidemiological research. This paper introduces negative controls to a broader …

Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using mendelian randomisation (STROBE-MR): explanation and elaboration

VW Skrivankova, RC Richmond, BAR Woolf… - bmj, 2021 - bmj.com
Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies allow a better understanding of the causal effects of
modifiable exposures on health outcomes, but the published evidence is often hampered by …

Instrumental variable methods for causal inference

M Baiocchi, J Cheng, DS Small - Statistics in medicine, 2014 - Wiley Online Library
A goal of many health studies is to determine the causal effect of a treatment or intervention
on health outcomes. Often, it is not ethically or practically possible to conduct a perfectly …

Using natural experiments to evaluate population health interventions: new Medical Research Council guidance

P Craig, C Cooper, D Gunnell, S Haw… - J Epidemiol …, 2012 - jech.bmj.com
Natural experimental studies are often recommended as a way of understanding the health
impact of policies and other large scale interventions. Although they have certain …

Surgery versus conservative treatment for traumatic acute subdural haematoma: a prospective, multicentre, observational, comparative effectiveness study

TA van Essen, HF Lingsma, D Pisică, RD Singh… - The lancet …, 2022 - thelancet.com
Background Despite being well established, acute surgery in traumatic acute subdural
haematoma is based on low-grade evidence. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of a …

Conducting real-world evidence studies on the clinical outcomes of diabetes treatments

S Schneeweiss, E Patorno - Endocrine Reviews, 2021 - academic.oup.com
Abstract Real-world evidence (RWE), the understanding of treatment effectiveness in clinical
practice generated from longitudinal patient-level data from the routine operation of the …

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy, proton therapy, or conformal radiation therapy and morbidity and disease control in localized prostate cancer

NC Sheets, GH Goldin, AM Meyer, Y Wu, YK Chang… - Jama, 2012 - jamanetwork.com
Context There has been rapid adoption of newer radiation treatments such as intensity-
modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and proton therapy despite greater cost and limited …

Confounding in observational studies based on large health care databases: problems and potential solutions–a primer for the clinician

M Nørgaard, V Ehrenstein… - Clinical …, 2017 - Taylor & Francis
Population-based health care databases are a valuable tool for observational studies as
they reflect daily medical practice for large and representative populations. A constant …

Impact of rehabilitation on outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan

M Yagi, H Yasunaga, H Matsui, K Morita, K Fushimi… - Stroke, 2017 - Am Heart Assoc
Background and Purpose—We aimed to examine the concurrent effects of timing and
intensity of rehabilitation on improving activities of daily living (ADL) among patients with …