Increasing heavy metal (HM) concentrations in the soil have become a significant problem in
the modern industrialized world due to several anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals (HMs) …

In nature, land plants as sessile organisms are faced with multiple nutrient stresses that
often occur simultaneously in soil. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and …

Phylogenies are important for addressing various biological questions such as relationships
among species or genes, the origin and spread of viral infection and the demographic …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses that involve most plants and Glomeromycota fungi are
integral and functional parts of plant roots. In these associations, the fungi not only colonize …

As one of the most important mineral nutrient elements, potassium (K+) participates in many
plant physiological processes and determines the yield and quality of crop production. In this …

Excessive sodium ion (Na+) concentrations in cultivated land alter crop yield and quality
worldwide. Previous studies have shown that shoot Na+ exclusion is essential in most crops …

Partially and fully completed plant genome sequencing projects in both lower and higher
plants allow drawing a comprehensive picture of the molecular and structural diversities of …

Ca2+ signals are a core regulator of plant cell physiology and cellular responses to the
environment. The channels, pumps, and carriers that underlie Ca2+ homeostasis provide …

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and humans. Nearly 50% of the agriculture
soils of world are Zn-deficient. The low availability of Zn reduces the yield and quality of the …

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stress as it decreases crop production of
more than 20% of irrigated land worldwide. Hence, it is important to develop salt-tolerant …