Phyllosphere or aerial surface of plants represents the globally largest and peculiar
microbial habitat that inhabits diverse and rich communities of bacteria, fungi, viruses …

Stomata, the pores formed by a pair of guard cells, are the main gateways for water
transpiration and photosynthetic CO2 exchange, as well as pathogen invasion in land …

The plant microbiomes play important role in plant growth promotion and soil fertility for
sustainable agriculture. Plant and soil are valuable natural resource harbouring hotspots of …

Host-associated microbiomes influence host health. However, it is unclear whether
genotypic variations in host organisms influence the microbiome in ways that have adaptive …

Pathogenicity of most Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria depends on the type III
secretion (T3S) system, which translocates bacterial effector proteins into plant cells. Type III …

Colletotrichum fructicola causes a broad range of plant diseases worldwide and secretes
many candidate proteinous effectors during infection, but it remains largely unknown …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a collective term for diverse processes causing an actively
induced, tightly controlled cellular suicide. PCD has a multitude of functions in the …

The phyllosphere referred to the total aerial plant surfaces (above-ground portions), as
habitat for microorganisms. Microorganisms establish compositionally complex communities …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), and in particular H2O2, serve as essential second
messengers at low concentrations. However, excessive ROS accumulation leads to severe …

A plethora of diverse programmed cell death (PCD) processes has been described in living
organisms. In animals and plants, different forms of PCD play crucial roles in development …